In other words, a ridiculous idea with no basis in rational thought was undertaken and executed with brilliant and systematic precision. From anti-Semitic pogroms to attacks against the Cossack minority, and numerous deportations and mass imprisonments, the history of the Soviet Union is replete with genocide. The Khmer Rouge regime was characterized by extreme and indiscriminate brutality. It was this policy in the end that is credited with saving Ireland from the worst possible consequences of crop failure. The ideological underpinning of all of this was simply the Maoist principle of transforming Cambodia into rural and classless society, with a population consigned to labor on collectivized farms. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. Such groups as Slavs, blacks, Roma, various Soviets, prisoners of war of different shades, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses and political opponents were all treated much the same. The so called Bantu expansion or migration is highly suspect. Back on more familiar territory, the Armenian Genocide, also known as the Armenian Holocaust, has long been the subject of furious denial by the Turkish government. 10 of the Most Heinous and Heartbreaking Genocides in History The story begins with a popular African tale. Was the Bantu Expansion genocide of the Pygmies, Khoisan, and - reddit Currently, only the governments of Australia, Argentina, Georgia, Estonia, Italy, Canada, Lithuania, Poland, the USA and Hungary accept that the events of the Holodomor conform to the legal definition of genocide. Others reached South Africa by 500CE and mixed with the native Khoisan-speaking people, contributing to the countrys vast diversity today. Again, you do realise hunter-gatherers (like the San and Pygmies and not the Khoi as they were/are pastoralists) tend to have smaller populations than agriculturalists. Of course what i have said may not be 100% but for better clarification pls ask a real historian. Bantu Expansion - African Studies - Oxford Bibliographies - obo This ideological aversion soon extended to ethnic Vietnamese, Chinese, Thais, Christians, Muslims and Buddhists, and indeed anyone at all perceived in any way to be an enemy of the revolution. As usual, the argument is one of semantics. The land rights, of course, were freely utilized, while the protection often simply meant bondage. "useRatesEcommerce": false Even to date, records are patchy and inconsistent, and much of what is known is through anecdotal reporting and oral history. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. It was of limited practical use to them, bearing in mind that it almost entirely comprised desert, but it was essential in the cut and thrust of competition, in particular with the British, in the race for European global expansion. cit. 23 Ibid. But he also displayed a dangerous pathology, perhaps born of his reduced birth, and the suffering that his mother endured on his behalf, but also, perhaps, because of hidden homosexuality. That child, a boy, was given the name Shaka, a pejorative reference to an intestinal parasite. affected amongst others the western part of the Congo . 277.Google Scholar, 20 Oliver, R., Discernible developments in the interior, c. 15001840, in R. Oliver and G. Mathew, History of East Africa, I (1963), 194204.Google Scholar, 21 The position in April 1965 was summarized by Dr Brian Fagan in an unpublished paper entitled Iron Age radiocarbon dates in sub-Saharan Africa, presented to the African History Seminar at the School of Oriental and African Studies.Google Scholar, 22 Fagan, Brian, Southern Africa, 949.Google Scholar. This further reinforced a popular anti-West, anti-US movement in Cambodia, on the back of which, in April 1975, Pol Pot led the Khmer Rouge to victory. For a year, the Ndwandwe licked their wounds. Evidence of the existence of previous African races and tribes can be found in present day DNA records of today's Bantu people. These two widely held beliefs are critically assessed here. The causes of the 1932-33 famine can be attributed to nothing more complicated than state interference in production. The migrants settled in three primary areas. He says that Mali wasn't a civilisation in one video, yet in another video, he says that Mali was an empire. This was an Iron Age Colonization; therefore it Cannot have been earlier in time than the spread of the Iron Age in Indonesia around the first century A.D. Discernible developments in the interior, c. 15001840. In the East, Bantu-speakers settled around the Great Lakes region and created a new population centre supported by a resource-rich environment. The German government has in recent years heard demands for compensation and recognition of the victims, and the legacy of this event remains a strain on relations between the two nations. The result of this was an extraordinarily cohesive and violent nation, glorifying in bloodshed, and celebrating with utter fanaticism the personality cult of their leader. Perhaps, instead of asking how, the question why might be better suited to this format. Bantu Genocide View source Bantu peoples is used as a general label for the 300-600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. Some argue that the famine came about as an unintended consequence of the Soviet Unions rapid, perhaps too rapid industrialization, while others claim that it was a deliberate attack against Ukrainian nationalism, and as such, a textbook case of genocide. and Shaka, the 'Mfecane' and Africa's first recorded genocide Doctors, teachers, monks, journalists, the wealthy, artists, anyone with an education and ethnic or religious minorities were all singled out for arbitrary execution. These migrants changed population demographics, spread farming across sub-equatorial Africa, introduced iron technology, and built powerful states that continue to influence the African continent today. They expanded and took the land which is exactly what they will do to Somalia soon if Somalis don't put a stop to it. They subsequently rebelled, attracting a violent response from the Germans. Herding practices reached the far south several centuries before Bantu-speaking migrants did. Typical grifter contradictions. This implied that all colonization was by invitation, which was, of course, hardly the case. The Nazi extermination of the Jews, on the other hand, was strictly ideological and remained so until its conclusion. To feed the growing industrial centers of the Soviet Union, the entire grain harvest of 1933 was confiscated, leaving local peasant populations with almost nothing to feed themselves. I'd imagine it's the same way. The evidence for the first stage is largely linguistic and is likely to remain so. The majority of sub-Saharan Africans speak one or more Bantu languages and modern African states are heavily affected by their Bantu-migrant predecessors. If one was to point the finger at the former Soviet Union for acts of genocide, then one would be able to point in many different directions. The result was imperfect, of course, but it created the map of the Indian sub-continent that we now recognize today. Initially, archaeologists believed that they could find archaeological similarities in the region's ancient cultures that the Bantu-speakers were held to have traversed. Some argue that the famine came about as an unintended consequence of the Soviet Unions rapid, perhaps too rapid industrialization, while others claim that it was a deliberate attack against Ukrainian nationalism, and as such, a textbook case of genocide. These deaths were distributed across all of the most populous regions of Russia, but the greatest impact was felt in Ukraine. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. via language shift and admixture of incoming and existing populations). These deaths were distributed across all of the most populous regions of Russia, but the greatest impact was felt in Ukraine. 10 of the Most Heinous and Heartbreaking Genocides in History As is often the case with hotly debated issues, certain factoids bearing little relation to factual evidence emerge. Proto-Bantu speakers, a linguistic branch of the Niger-Congo language family, were concentrated in the region between modern-day Cameroon and Nigeria in West Africa. There was, of course, a great deal of mercantile resistance, but the British government held firm. Numerous individual countries, however, twenty-nine in total, including forty-eight states within the United States, classify what took place as genocide. The rough chronology established on genealogical evidence has recently been confirmed by radiocarbon dates from Bigo, the earliest site identifiable in the dynastic tradition of the region. 18091. However, the Holocaust, although predominately targeting Jews, was also an expression of Nazi aversion to any group or individual not conforming to a narrow definition of Aryan purity. The Tutsi's . Between 1904 and 1907, up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama were killed, many in concentration camps, dying of disease and starvation. They suffered a genocide, at the hands of europeans and bantu peoples. Personal communication from Mr Fagg. With death and destruction occurring on such a vast scale, the relatively minor plight of a fringe minority of Turkish Christians attracted very little attention. The name associated with this phase of South East Asian history is Pol Pot, leader of the Khmer Rouge, a name that still resonates as the personification of evil. In this campaign, the mighty Zulu nation made one last, desperate effort to throw off the colonial yoke. The linguistic core of the Bantu languages, which comprise a branch of the Atlantic-Congo language family, was located in the southern regions of Cameroon. No genocide to date had been based so completely on myths, on hallucinations, on abstract, nonpragmatic ideology which was then executed by very rational, pragmatic means.. Will Bantu Supremacy in South Africa Spark Another "Rwandan Genocide There was, of course, a great deal of mercantile resistance, but the British government held firm. Control of East Africa was essential to the Allies as [], By Madison Moulton Looking out at the North Sea the body of water dividing Britain and the rest of Europe you would never suspect this hub of marine activity was once not a marine environment at all. This was to ensure that all food produced in Ireland remained in Ireland, guaranteeing that everyone had enough to eat, even during the leanest times. Other factors promoting state-formation were increased trade among African communities and with European and Arab traders on the coasts, technological innovations in economic activity, and new techniques in the political-spiritual ritualisation of royalty as the source of national strength and health. The Russians, of course, be it in WWI or WWII, always did big numbers, but this certainly was a big one. Also known as the Bantu conquest of Africa - 2,000 Years of Bantu supremacy, racism, conquest, genocide, rape, war, cannibalism and colonisation. This paper outlines four stages of the Bantu expansion: first, the initial push through the equatorial forest from the northern to the southern woodlands; second, the occupation of the southern woodland belt from coast to coast; third, the colonization of the Tanzania, Kenya and southern Somali coastline and of the northern sector of the lake Muslim nationalists then began demanding a two-state solution, which neither the British nor nationalists like Mohandas Mahatma Gandhi particularly wanted. Numerous similar crop failures, both in Ireland and elsewhere, had occurred at various times, but without the same catastrophic effect. Was the Great Irish Famine genocide? Murdock, G. P., Africa: Its Peoples and their Culture History (New York), 2901.Google Scholar, 10 Greenberg, J. H., Studies in African Linguistic Classification (New Haven, 1955), 40.Google Scholar, 12 Guthrie, Malcolm, Some developments in the pre-history of the Bantu languages, Journal of African History, III (1962), 27382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 13 From Mr Bernard Fagg's layer 3 at Taruga, containing iron slag and Nok figurines. The Allies, as a tactic of war, exploited traditional tensions within Ottoman territories to weaken the Empire. 2002). In terms of sheer numbers, it is probably the Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Genocide of 1932-33, that racked up the greatest score. The German Empire claimed the colony in 1884, as part of what was known as the Scramble for Africa. Needless to say, the matter is most keenly felt in the Ukraine, and on 13 January 2010, a Ukrainian court found Joseph Stalin, among numerous other Soviet officials of the period, posthumously guilty of genocide.
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