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Press 5:randInt( and enter 1, 60). These 15 quiz scores are the systematic sample. The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. Record the number. Create a cluster sample by considering each state as a stratum (group). Students often ask if it is "good enough" to take a sample, instead of surveying the entire population. Statistical data about spreading of the epidemic are known in discrete periods of time, for example twenty-four hours. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. discrete because the data can only take on specific values . Examples: crash testing cars or medical testing for rare conditions, Undue influence: collecting data or asking questions in a way that influences the response. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values. Qualitative or Categorical Data is data that cant be measured or counted in the form of numbers. The use of discrete and continuous quantitative variables would be helpful for detecting intervention effects . The station wants to know if its audience would prefer more music or more talk shows. Sampling data should be done very carefully. Data that can only take on certain values are discrete data. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. While working on these data, it is important to know the types of data to process them and get the right results. These data are represented mainly by a bar graph, number line, or frequency table. A high school principal polls 50 freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors regarding policy changes for after school activities. The numbers of majors offered by colleges Choose the correct answer below. You count discrete data. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. Data from www.bookofodds.com/Relationsh-the-President. Show Less. However, if two or more of you are taking the same data and get very different results, it is time for you and the others to reevaluate your data-taking methods and your accuracy. Performance & security by Cloudflare. This is important to know when we think about what the data are telling us. The data are discrete because the data can . The continuous variable can take any value within a range. Additional Resources To do so, the ship must sail between two pairs of islands, avoiding sailing between a third p 26. When you analyze data, it is important to be aware of sampling errors and nonsampling errors. A statistics professor collects information about the classification of her students as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. 2. O A. The areas of the lawns are 144 sq. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Confounding: When the effects of multiple factors on a response cannot be separated. All data that are the result of counting are called quantitative discrete data. If you count the number of phone calls you receive for each day of the week, you might get values such as zero, one, two, or three. Work collaboratively to determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative). The data are the colors of houses. B.The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. 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A study is done to determine the average tuition that San Jose State undergraduate students pay per semester. C. The first sample probably consists of science-oriented students. A pollster interviews all human resource personnel in five different high tech companies. Compare the fractions 999/10,000 and 999/9,999. This variability in samples cannot be stressed enough. To find the average GPA of all students in a university, use all honor students at the university as the sample. This is completely natural. A bar graph is appropriate to compare the relative size of the categories. The results of convenience sampling may be very good in some cases and highly biased (favor certain outcomes) in others. b. Think about what contributes to making Doreens and Jungs samples different. Results are the outcome of our efforts and if you believe that you have put your best, then you will surely be able to score good marks. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. On the other hand, if we count large quantities of any discrete entity. Zanas house is at A, 500 feet from the intersection, and Tan's house is at B, 750 feet from F. Which distance is longer, the distance from Zana's house to Tan's house or the distance from Theresa's house to Is house? Continuous data. discrete because the data can only. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. Read the study carefully to evaluate the work. The durations of a chemical reaction comma repeated . OC. A random number generator is used to pick two of those years. Below are tables comparing the number of part-time and full-time students at De Anza College and Foothill College enrolled for the spring 2010 quarter. For example, in the case of statistics, algebra is a good option to learn before starting your statistics course. according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. There are many different potential problems that can affect the reliability of a sample. Nominal and ordinal data can act as both discrete and continuous. Your answer is correct. Notice how much larger the percentage for part-time students at Foothill College is compared to De Anza College. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. The prison populations of different countries ha Choose the correct answer below. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 5 (2006). From that number, count ten quiz scores and record that quiz score. A high school educational researcher interviews 50 high school female teachers and 50 high school male teachers. The numbers generated are as follows: 0.94360; 0.99832; 0.14669; 0.51470; 0.40581; 0.73381; 0.04399. A. The colors red, black, black, green, and gray are qualitative data. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. In polling, samples that are from 1,200 to 1,500 observations are considered large enough and good enough if the survey is random and is well done. Ltd. All rights reserved. Statistics and Probability questions and answers, state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of Many other courses are available online to master your foundational knowledge which may assist you later. Surveys mailed to households and then returned may be very biased (they may favor a certain group). Examples of discrete variables are the number of students and age. You sample five gyms. B. If Doreen and Jung took larger samples (i.e. Do you think that either of these samples is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 10,000 part-time student population? The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. Continuous data are in the form of fractional numbers. The exact distances (in centimeters) between the chairs in a college classroom. The data are the colors of backpacks. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. Misleading use of data: improperly displayed graphs, incomplete data, or lack of context. You can also visit their website. Confounding makes it difficult or impossible to draw valid conclusions about the effect of each factor. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. four children shared a two third liter bottle of drink equal.how much did each child drink , two pairs of hikers leave the same camp heading in opposite divections. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Statistics is a quite tough subject but for those who know how to use their mind, its the best one for them as it involves more practical knowledge and conceptual learning. If all the money in the 555, find the number of 10 coins in it 12. Ra Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. the distance it is from your home to the nearest grocery store. It may take any numeric value, within a potential value range of finite or infinite. The distance from G to H in Sometimes percentages add up to be more than 100% (or less than 100%). Nominal Data is used to label variables without any order or quantitative value. Show More. A student interviews classmates in his algebra class to determine how many pairs of jeans a student owns, on the average. Procrastination isnt even the last option if you are preparing for a statistics exam. Conduct the survey by sitting in Central Park on a bench and interviewing every person who sits next to you. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Other well-known random sampling methods are the stratified sample, the cluster sample, and the systematic sample. Which experiment had the correct results? Variation is present in any set of data. O B. Problems with samples: A sample must be representative of the population. For these samples, each member of the population did not have an equally likely chance of being chosen. 1. The key difference between discrete and continuous data is that discrete data contains the integer or whole number. It helps you in saving time later as you already have some knowledge about algebra. Three cell phone towers form APQR. Examples are lengths, temperature, etc. These data dont have any meaningful order; their values are distributed into distinct categories. Frequently Asked Questions, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, www.people-press.org/methodolwer-your-polls (accessed May 1, 2013). Try this experiment twice. Height is continuous but we sometimes don't really worry too much about minor variations and club heights into a set of discrete data instead. Difference Between Continuous and Discrete Data, Questions on Discrete Data Continuous Data. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in your town, and number of students who take statistics are examples of quantitative data. Factors not related to the sampling process cause nonsampling errors. The station uses convenience sampling and surveys the first 200 people they meet at one of the stations music concert events. That is, once a member is picked, that member goes back into the population and thus may be chosen more than once. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. B. Collecting data carelessly can have devastating results. Evaluate it on its merits and the work done. The two numbers are for two of the columns. Surveys are typically done without replacement. 4. This pie chart shows the students in each year, which is qualitative data. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries is a continuous variable because it can take on any value in an interval. The data are because.continuous the data can only take on specific values C. Finite values have discrete data. Your phone book contains 20,000 residence listings. Notice that backpacks carrying three books can have different weights. QUESTIONState whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. If the survey is done well, the answer is yes. Numeric variables represent characteristics that you can express as numbers rather than descriptive language. C. The data are Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2992ec2e151da5 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. When properly selected, larger samples model the population more closely than smaller samples. Step One: Master the Foundational Knowledge. state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct answer below. Discrete data is a sort of numerical data that consists of full, concrete numbers that have particular and fixed data values that are determined by counting. a. stratified; b. systematic; c. simple random; d. cluster; e. convenience. Name data sets that are quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, and qualitative. To four decimal places, these numbers are not equivalent. We may prefer not to think of 10,00,100 and 10,00,102 as crucially different values, but instead as nearby points on an approximate continuum. Continuous data is the data that can be of any value. But graphs can be even more helpful in understanding the data. These values do not have to be complete numbers, but they are values that are fixed. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. O A. Record the number and the first quiz score. Again, you sample the same five students. The following graph is the same as the previous graph but the Other/Unknown percent (9.6%) has been included. Legal. Because students can complete only a whole number of hours (no fractions of hours allowed), this data is quantitative discrete. To determine the proportion of people taking public transportation to work, survey 20 people in New York City. So is the case of statistics too. categorical, quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The gender of a person, i.e., male, female, or others, is qualitative data. If you did the experiment a third time, do you expect the results to be identical to the first or second experiment? Therefore this is discrete data. The numbers of countries in the world in different years Choose the correct answer below. These kinds of data are also known as Numerical data. In each form of random sampling, each member of a population initially has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. The road from A to E and the road from C and D are perpendicular and intersect at point F. Theresa's house is at C, 500 feet from the intersection. 24 people said theyd prefer more talk shows, and 176 people said theyd prefer more music. Then use simple random sampling to choose proportionate numbers from the first department and do the same for each of the remaining departments. The registrar at State University keeps records of the number of credit hours students complete each semester. Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous It is from a discrete data set because the number of possible values is infinite and countable. Discrete. Manufacturers regularly run tests to determine if the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can falls within the desired range. Over time, some continuous data can change. Data may be classified as qualitative, quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. It is classified into two broad categories: qualitative data and quantitative data. The land areas of different countries Choose the correct answer below. The second sample is taken using a list of senior citizens who take P.E. Asking all 20,000 listeners is an almost impossible task. Most of these students are, more than likely, paying more than the average part-time student for their books. If you're asked whether age is a continuous or discrete variable in an Introductory Statistics class, the correct answer is technically continuous. Quantitative data can be expressed in numerical values, making it countable and including statistical data analysis. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The color of hair can be considered nominal data, as one color cant be compared with another color. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The discrete data are countable and have finite values; their subdivision is not possible. O C. One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. a. Do not automatically assume that the study is good, but do not automatically assume the study is bad either. You cannot expect your brain to work nicely with hundreds of thoughts, it will only create a mess. . Asking all 10,000 students is an almost impossible task. Two positions of an open gate are shown. State whether the data described below are discrete or? Discrete data: When numerical data has values that are countable and specific to a particular category, it is called discrete data. Which two towers are closest together. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why The speeds of the different people walking in a park Choose the correct answer below. Doreen's sample will be different from Jung's sample. The data are continuous because the data can take Statistics involves organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and representing data. In other words, each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected. The volume of cola in a can is 11.8 oz. You sample five houses. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . We need to evaluate the statistical studies we read about critically and analyze them before accepting the results of the studies. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. continuous, and explain why. Both samples are biased. 1: 23-54 (2012), ssh.dukejournals.org/content/36/1/23.abstract (accessed May 1, 2013). The easiest method to describe is called a simple random sample. (2012), D is the discrete character data, z is a particular character mapping, and are the parameters of the hOUwie model. The continuous data can be broken down into fractions and decimals, i.e. To choose a simple random sample of size three from the other members of her class, Lisa could put all 31 names in a hat, shake the hat, close her eyes, and pick out three names. However, generally, we use age as a discrete, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. Instructions: Use the Random Number Generator to pick samples. The data are the areas of lawns in square feet. Common problems to be aware of include. That is, a member of the population may be chosen only once. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. The two-digit number 14 corresponds to Macierz, 05 corresponds to Cuningham, and 04 corresponds to Cuarismo. However, generally, we use age as a discrete variable. We provide you year-long structured coaching classes for CBSE and ICSE Board & JEE and NEET entrance exam preparation at affordable tuition fees, with an exclusive session for clearing doubts, ensuring that neither you nor the topics remain unattended. Data is the new oil. Today data is everywhere in every field. Now, suppose we take a third sample. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Excelling your basic knowledge about the subject promotes conceptual learning and hence, you can easily get familiar with new concepts too. We all know that time is very important, it doesnt wait for anyone. b. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. Which is the safest route for the ship? Record the number. ), Education Level (Higher, Secondary, Primary), Total numbers of students present in a class, The total number of players who participated in a competition. Different types of data are used in research, analysis, statistical analysis, data visualization, and data science. Random sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. Question: CS State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. A. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. amount of money (in dollars) won playing poker, IQ scores (This may cause some discussion.). Causality: A relationship between two variables does not mean that one causes the other to occur. Required fields are marked *. Great Learning's Blog covers the latest developments and innovations in technology that can be leveraged to build rewarding careers. Determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative) for the number of cars in a parking lot. the number of classes you take per school year. They spend: $50; $40; $36; $15; $50; $100; $40; $53; $22; $22. Doreen uses systematic sampling and Jung uses cluster sampling. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your college population, the four departments make up the cluster sample. What type of data is this? Have some sleep, its important. Data may come from a population or from a sample. If you and your friends carry backpacks with books in them to school, the numbers of books in the backpacks are discrete data and the weights of the backpacks are continuous data. For instance, hair color might be black, dark brown, light brown, blonde, gray, or red. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. ), Ranking of people in a competition (First, Second, Third, etc. Weights are quantitative continuous data because weights are measured. where n is the number of tips in the phylogeny ( ) , P is the continuous trait value of each species, and Q is the expected value of each species given the continuous trait model calculated following Equation (11) of Beaulieu et al. A. The actual process of sampling causes sampling errors. Working on data is crucial because we need to figure out what kind of data it is and how to use it to get valuable output out of it. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why The amounts of time that different - Answered by a verified Tutor . For example, if the population is 25 people, the sample is ten, and you are sampling with replacement for any particular sample, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and the chance of picking a different second person is nine out of 25 (you replace the first person). The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. If they are not, discuss the reasons. Notice that the frequencies do not add up to the total number of students. Measuring angles in radians might result in such numbers as \(\frac{\pi}{6}\), \(\frac{\pi}{3}\), \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), \(\pi\), \(\frac{3\pi}{4}\), and so on. According to a report, today, at least2.5 quintillion bytes of data are produced per day. And this is the reason why most students find it to be an interesting subject. However the third random number, 0.14669, contains 14 (the fourth random number also contains 14), the fifth random number contains 05, and the seventh random number contains 04. state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of b. Those 100 students are the sample. Thats why it is also known as Categorical Data. y's house is at D, 750 feet from the intersection. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific . B. All members of the four departments with those numbers are the cluster sample. according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. It answers the questions like how much, how many, and how often. For example, the price of a phone, the computers ram, the height or weight of a person, etc., falls under quantitative data. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. The Data and Story Library, lib.stat.cmu.edu/DASL/Datafiles/USCrime.html (accessed May 1, 2013). If these data-driven topics got you interested in pursuing professional courses or a career in the field of Data Science. . Number each department, and then choose four different numbers using simple random sampling. The time(in minutes) it takes The time(in minutes) it takes A: It is given that the time (in minutes) it takes different students to drive to school from home. The triangles show the position of the gate in relation to its closed position. Even if Doreen and Jung used the same sampling method, in all likelihood their samples would be different. If quantitative, state whether it's discrete or continuous. The chart in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) is organized by the size of each wedge, which makes it a more visually informative graph than the unsorted, alphabetical graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). The other examples of qualitative data are : Difference between Nominal and Ordinal Data, Difference between Discrete and Continuous Data, 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert, PGP In Data Science and Business Analytics, PGP In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Nominal data cant be quantified, neither they have any intrinsic ordering, Ordinal data gives some kind of sequential order by their position on the scale, Nominal data is qualitative data or categorical data, Ordinal data is said to be in-between qualitative data and quantitative data, They dont provide any quantitative value, neither can we perform any arithmetical operation, They provide sequence and can assign numbers to ordinal data but cannot perform the arithmetical operation, Nominal data cannot be used to compare with one another, Ordinal data can help to compare one item with another by ranking or ordering, Discrete data are countable and finite; they are whole numbers or integers, Continuous data are measurable; they are in the form of fractions or decimal, Discrete data are represented mainly by bar graphs, Continuous data are represented in the form of a histogram, The values cannot be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, The values can be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, Discrete data have spaces between the values, Continuous data are in the form of a continuous sequence, Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral), Colour of hair (Blonde, red, Brown, Black, etc. O C. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. . Show how you know. A large ship is sailing between three small islands. OD. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why The amounts of time that different brands' batteries last in a CD player. It is further classified as discrete data and continuous data. Larger samples are better, if possible. Data that can take a decimal value and can vary across a range is called . A variable is said to be continuous if it can take on any value in an interval. For example, the number of subjects in a course, the number of families living in a block, the number of digits in a code, etc. For the purpose of analysis, data are presented as the facts and figures collected together. What are the career options in the field of Statistics? For example, suppose you have to do a phone survey. To determine the average cost of a two-day stay in a hospital in Massachusetts, survey 100 hospitals across the state using simple random sampling. The data are continuous because Types of soups, nuts, vegetables and desserts are qualitative data because they are categorical. You sample five houses. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of. Besides simple random sampling, there are other forms of sampling that involve a chance process for getting the sample. In this situation, create a bar graph and not a pie chart. Now business runs on data, and most companies use data for their insights to create and launch campaigns, design strategies, launch products and services or try out different things. You should ask the doubt there and then clear it, analyze it and work on it. Each student is chosen using simple random sampling. A histogram is used to display quantitative data: the numbers of credit hours completed. If she needed to, Lisa could have generated more random numbers. Create a cluster sample by picking two of the columns. Working with data requires good data science skills and a deep understanding of different types of data and how to work with them. O A. If we were to examine two samples representing the same population, even if we used random sampling methods for the samples, they would not be exactly the same. Dominic Lusinchi, President Landon and the 1936 Literary Digest Poll: Were Automobile and Telephone Owners to Blame? Social Science History 36, no.